• stem [ attribute ]

    A stem is a part of a word without its affixes (suffixes, prefixes, etc.). Stems do not have to be valid word forms, e.g. stem hav for the word form having, in comparison to lemma have for the word form having. Stems are used instead of lemmas or in addition to lemmas with languages whose morphology requires it. An example are agglutinating languages such as Turkish, Hungarian or Japanese.