You are here: Home 1 / User Guide 2 / Concordance – a tool to search a corpus
Concordance examples of use in context The concordance tags , documents , text types or corpus structures and displays the results in context in the form of a concordance . The concordance can be sorted, filtered, counted and processed further to obtain the desired result. Despite being the most powerful tool, the concordance used with large corpora may find so many results that it can tedious to analyse and interpret them.
The view options allow displaying additional information such as lemmas , tags and other attributes , text types (metadata ) or corpus structures.
The CQL search on the advanced tab is used for complex searches with unspecific criteria or optional criteria.
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top:17.6%;
left:24.4%;
}
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background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-7h8pank-e54d1c9f90c59c2803df34de72d66b51 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
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top:17.7%;
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background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
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background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
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.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-rp567k-ef1ae292ae765f5153eb02a84f286f7d .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
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background-color:#7bb0e7;
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background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-69jwhw0-650dbdd5a9637f509c6243b7bc9e025a .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
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top:10.5%;
left:45.5%;
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.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-5pfxea8-384b7122a502fbb186c1d69ede08ce18 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-5pfxea8-384b7122a502fbb186c1d69ede08ce18 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
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top:10.7%;
left:48.9%;
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.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-57qraog-94e97b6b21ea3728b94891d0d167c3b2 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-57qraog-94e97b6b21ea3728b94891d0d167c3b2 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
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top:10.7%;
left:52.3%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-4rnte1c-3d546ef4c39a945fb4e1cf56898c7785 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-4rnte1c-3d546ef4c39a945fb4e1cf56898c7785 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
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.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-4l6fgwg-03f0c0ba604e06c217fdb6a9699bb054{
top:10.7%;
left:56.3%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-4l6fgwg-03f0c0ba604e06c217fdb6a9699bb054 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-4l6fgwg-03f0c0ba604e06c217fdb6a9699bb054 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
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.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-edzik0-d98450b6a7152345e781e88ce762e956{
top:10.7%;
left:60.1%;
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.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-edzik0-d98450b6a7152345e781e88ce762e956 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-edzik0-d98450b6a7152345e781e88ce762e956 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-3mu70eo-855082c638dde392c712fa58645414a7{
top:10.7%;
left:64.2%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-3mu70eo-855082c638dde392c712fa58645414a7 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-3mu70eo-855082c638dde392c712fa58645414a7 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2zadqz4-706f09b5c09358e353f3752dc1417b69{
top:10.7%;
left:67.9%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2zadqz4-706f09b5c09358e353f3752dc1417b69 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
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background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2ghsr4g-350717a9821e25efc1eb5a6ca1418d53{
top:10.7%;
left:71.2%;
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.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2ghsr4g-350717a9821e25efc1eb5a6ca1418d53 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2ghsr4g-350717a9821e25efc1eb5a6ca1418d53 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-lsd0lfe6-8a322d084501f96a451fbd01a57a18d9{
top:10.7%;
left:74.8%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-lsd0lfe6-8a322d084501f96a451fbd01a57a18d9 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-lsd0lfe6-8a322d084501f96a451fbd01a57a18d9 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-26c8low-7b96f8bca6fe8d28f3464c149f3e4ecc{
top:10.8%;
left:78.6%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-26c8low-7b96f8bca6fe8d28f3464c149f3e4ecc .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-26c8low-7b96f8bca6fe8d28f3464c149f3e4ecc .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1rdlqpc-089c43d75cfc69c1d325c46dbdabacfa{
top:10.8%;
left:85.4%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1rdlqpc-089c43d75cfc69c1d325c46dbdabacfa .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
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background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-uswbr2-d35fcb85c0dac3e38701699e1bf41931{
top:10.8%;
left:89.9%;
}
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background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
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background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
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top:10.8%;
left:93.7%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-lqxs6wp2-829b66122c40e3d0bcea7b5ffa43f0ee .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-lqxs6wp2-829b66122c40e3d0bcea7b5ffa43f0ee .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2poy1sg-14ad2485edff332a9ed4727f835af34d{
top:10.7%;
left:97.7%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2poy1sg-14ad2485edff332a9ed4727f835af34d .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-2poy1sg-14ad2485edff332a9ed4727f835af34d .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1q6wymo-d00d90faa23d39425ecd50f07aa3c226{
top:21.1%;
left:63.7%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1q6wymo-d00d90faa23d39425ecd50f07aa3c226 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-1q6wymo-d00d90faa23d39425ecd50f07aa3c226 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-pltu6o-fde5a9c063a026e29baabcf860cdd75d{
top:20.4%;
left:77.8%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-pltu6o-fde5a9c063a026e29baabcf860cdd75d .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-pltu6o-fde5a9c063a026e29baabcf860cdd75d .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-qgjt00-6d3df7446aaab02091572b1146708255{
top:37.7%;
left:24.9%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-qgjt00-6d3df7446aaab02091572b1146708255 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-qgjt00-6d3df7446aaab02091572b1146708255 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-t7bm9c-e76e00a9585d4d53ccd0c29dcbce0ff0{
top:53%;
left:61.7%;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-t7bm9c-e76e00a9585d4d53ccd0c29dcbce0ff0 .av-image-hotspot_inner{
background-color:#edae44;
color:#000000;
}
.av-hotspot-image-container .av-image-hotspot.av-t7bm9c-e76e00a9585d4d53ccd0c29dcbce0ff0 .av-image-hotspot-pulse{
background-color:#7bb0e7;
}
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-7h8pank-e54d1c9f90c59c2803df34de72d66b51 av-image-hotspot-1 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
search criteria and frequency count
'>
1
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-lqxrykwz-086fe01acc52da5efe78f7195ce425f3 av-image-hotspot-2 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Manage macros
'>
2
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-2k45jk-a117e808c7237c6f9bacca66b455c1e3 av-image-hotspot-3 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
modify search criteria
'>
3
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-rp567k-ef1ae292ae765f5153eb02a84f286f7d av-image-hotspot-4 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
download resultspreloaded corpora , Access to unlimited wordlists )
'>
4
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-69jwhw0-650dbdd5a9637f509c6243b7bc9e025a av-image-hotspot-5 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Skema – manual concordance annotation
'>
5
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-5pfxea8-384b7122a502fbb186c1d69ede08ce18 av-image-hotspot-6 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Change what you see and how it is displayed. Display tags and lemmas or corpus structures.
'>
6
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-57qraog-94e97b6b21ea3728b94891d0d167c3b2 av-image-hotspot-7 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Randomly select only a number of lines from the complete results.
'>
7
See the lines in a different order. Reorder randomly. By default lines are ordered in the same order as they are found in the corpus.
'>8
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-4l6fgwg-03f0c0ba604e06c217fdb6a9699bb054 av-image-hotspot-9 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Sort the lines.
'>
9
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-edzik0-d98450b6a7152345e781e88ce762e956 av-image-hotspot-10 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Remove or keep only lines matching specific criteria.
'>
10
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-3mu70eo-855082c638dde392c712fa58645414a7 av-image-hotspot-11 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='right' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-right av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Sort G ood D ictionary EX amples to the top.
'>
11
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-2zadqz4-706f09b5c09358e353f3752dc1417b69 av-image-hotspot-12 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='right' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-right av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Compute frequencies of the search word or other words or attributes in the concordance lines.
'>
12
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-2ghsr4g-350717a9821e25efc1eb5a6ca1418d53 av-image-hotspot-13 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='right' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-right av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Compute collocations – words occurring near the search word. Only recommended if the word sketch cannot be used for some reason.
'>
13
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-lsd0lfe6-8a322d084501f96a451fbd01a57a18d9 av-image-hotspot-14 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
The Timeline function displays the changing frequency of a word or phrase over time
'>
14
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-26c8low-7b96f8bca6fe8d28f3464c149f3e4ecc av-image-hotspot-15 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='right' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-right av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Show how the search word is distributed across the whole corpus.
'>
15
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-1rdlqpc-089c43d75cfc69c1d325c46dbdabacfa av-image-hotspot-16 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='right' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-right av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Change from KWIC view to sentence view (=displaying complete sentences)
'>
16
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-uswbr2-d35fcb85c0dac3e38701699e1bf41931 av-image-hotspot-17 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
build a subcorpus from this concordance
'>
17
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-lqxs6wp2-829b66122c40e3d0bcea7b5ffa43f0ee av-image-hotspot-18 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Get concordance description
'>
18
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-2poy1sg-14ad2485edff332a9ed4727f835af34d av-image-hotspot-19 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='right' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-right av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Add the result to favourites for easy access next time.
'>
19
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-1q6wymo-d00d90faa23d39425ecd50f07aa3c226 av-image-hotspot-20 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Sort by the Key Word In Context (the search word or phrase)
'>
20
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-pltu6o-fde5a9c063a026e29baabcf860cdd75d av-image-hotspot-21 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='right' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-right av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Sort by the 1st token (word) to the right.
'>
21
<div class='av-image-hotspot av-qgjt00-6d3df7446aaab02091572b1146708255 av-image-hotspot-22 ' data-avia-tooltip-position='top' data-avia-tooltip-alignment='left' data-avia-tooltip-class='av-tt-xlarge-width av-tt-pos-above av-tt-align-left av-mobile-fallback-active main_color av-tooltip-shadow av-tt-hotspot' data-avia-tooltip='
Displays line details. Click to change the information displayed.
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How to use the concordance
Visit the related Quick start guide or watch this YouTube playlist .
In the interface, hover the mouse over icons, controls and other elements to display the tooltips. Click the highlighted words to learn about the functions and settings.
How does the concordance work?
The search always starts from the beginning of the corpus and the concordance lines are displayed in the order in which they are found in the corpus. Use the Shuffle or Random sample icons to change this.
By default and irrespective of which attribute is used for searching, the result is displayed as word form , i.e. as the source text of the corpus. The display of lemmas, tags and other attributes can be set in view options.
The icon to the left of each concordance line leads to text types (metadata) about the concordance lines. The user can set on or more of them to stay displayed permanently.
Concordance and other tools
All tools in Sketch Engine are linked to the concordance to allow users to see how the results of other tools are used in context.
The concordance is also the starting point for subcorpus building, the GDEX tool or complex frequency lists which cannot be obtained in the wordlist tool.
How to use the concordance
Searching
Working with the results concordance videos
Speed and corpus size
Sketch Engine is specifically designed to handle large corpora with speed. Any search will only take a few seconds to complete if the corpus size is under a billion words. It might take a bit of extra time for corpora over 1 billion words. Complex CQL searches containing regular expressions or frequency calculations on large corpora can take several minutes to complete.
Requirements for the concordance to work well
The concordance will work with any corpus even one which is not tokenized, lemmatized and tagged, however, adding these three features increases the usefulness immensely. Tokenization , lemmatization and tagging are carried out automatically upon uploading files to Sketch Engine provided the language is supported.
Result examples
The concordance of easy sorted by the word that comes after easy with a jump to the first screen where the words start with the letter O. Other displayed information includes source websites, sentence boundaries and part-of-speech tags.
The statistics of how many lines from the above concordance come from each website. It was calculated using the frequency tool and the text type option.
The statistics of the different word forms and the spelling variants of the word easy from the above concordance . It was calculated using the frequency tool and the KWIC word form option.
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